A study published in Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention looked at the impact of dietary fiber intake on the risk of colorectal cancer. The researchers determined that colon cancer risk (but not rectal cancer risk) decreased as a person's dietary fiber increased.
Interestingly, dietary fiber from beans seemed to decrease colon cancer risk the most. However, the population studied was Japanese, who have quite a different diet overall and the sources of fiber are probably different from a typical American diet, as well.
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Source: Wakai, K. and Date, C. "Dietary Fiber and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study." Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 16 (1 Apr. 2007): 668-675. Accessed 7 April 2007.

