Digestive Health How to Keep Your Gut Flora Balanced By Julie Wilkinson, BSN, RN Updated on June 08, 2022 Medically reviewed by Robert Burakoff, MD Print You may have heard all about colon cleansing, good bacteria, and bad bacteria, but what are gut flora? Gut flora is the slang term given to both good and bad bacteria that live inside your digestive tract. The type and amount of bacteria present depend on their location in your body (small intestine versus colon). As the storage house for stool, your colon is filled with hundreds of different types of bacteria, which have specific jobs to do. Yuri_Arcurs / E+ / Getty Images Bad Flora You've probably heard about some of the more common pathogens, which are bacteria that can cause illness in humans if left unchecked, including germs such as streptococcus (strep throat) or E. coli (urinary tract infections and diarrhea). Some of the other common germs found in the human colon include: Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) overgrowth can cause you to have multiple green, foul smelling and watery stools daily, as well as abdominal pain and tenderness. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the causes of post-surgical infections in the abdomen and urinary tract infections. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most popular cause of diarrhea in adults, and this bacteria is present in almost every healthy adult’s colon. Klebsiella overgrowth is associated with a Western diet including many meat and animal products. Bacteroides overgrowth is associated with colitis, a painful inflammation of the colon. Good Flora The good bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, help keep these bad bacteria in check. Without good flora, your entire colon would become overrun by bad flora, which would result in symptoms like diarrhea or even illness. These protective, microscopic germs have many important functions including: Destroying bad bacteria and preventing overgrowthBreaking up gas bubbles from food fermentationBoosting your immune system's functionAssist with vitamin synthesis (vitamins B and K in the small intestine)Keep your bowel movements regularKeep your colon "clean" (naturally) negating the need for colon cleansers Destroying the Good With the Bad Whether labeled as a "good" bacteria or a "bad" one, they are both single-celled organisms that are destroyed fairly easily. Sometimes, it's a necessary evil, such as when you have to take antibiotics to kill a strep throat infection. However, the antibiotics also kill your good bacteria, which can lead to compounding problems such as: Bowel irregularity (diarrhea and constipation) Yeast overgrowth (can cause itching, burning around your anus and lead to vaginal and oral yeast infections) Dysbiosis (the technical name for a lack of good bacteria or a bacterial imbalance) Complications for people suffering from irritable bowel syndrome There are many ways to destroy bacteria, some of which are out of your control. If you need to take antibiotics to cure an infection, you may kill off your bacteria, good and bad. Similarly, bacteria can be destroyed by: Chronic laxative or fiber supplementationProlonged diarrhea (flushes out the bacteria)Stress (emotional)Completing a bowel prep, like the one required for a colonoscopy Diagnosing Problems With Gut Flora Often times, problems with gut flora will correct themselves, and no action is required on your part. However, people facing chronic bowel problems, such as colitis or inflammatory bowel disease, may need more aggressive management of their colon's bacteria. The Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis (CDSA), is a stool test that checks what type and amount of bacteria are present, your nutrient absorption rates (how fast you digest) and how well you digest your food. If there is a significant difference in your proportion of bad versus good bacteria, your healthcare provider might suggest taking a probiotic or a live microbial supplement that can help repopulate the good flora in your colon. Probiotics and Prebiotics Although they are sometimes used interchangeably, a probiotic is not the same thing as a prebiotic. Probiotics are the actual bacteria, whereas prebiotics is nondigestible foods that help establish a healthy environment for good bacteria to thrive. Different types of dietary fiber, such as inulin, are prebiotics. Well-known probiotic foods include yogurt and other fermented foods, such as sauerkraut. 4 Sources Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Thursby E, Juge N. Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J. 2017;474(11):1823-1836. doi:10.1042/BCJ20160510 Zhang YJ, Li S, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(4):7493-519. doi:10.3390/ijms16047493 Yoon MY, Yoon SS. Disruption of the gut ecosystem by antibiotics. Yonsei Med J. 2018;59(1):4-12. doi:10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.4 Quigley EM. Gut bacteria in health and disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2013;9(9):560-9. Additional Reading Galland, L. & Barrie, S. (n.d.). Intestinal Dysbiosis and the Causes of Disease. The Environmental Illness Resource. Hawrelak, J.A. & Myers, S.P. (2004). The Causes of Intestinal Dysbiosis: A Review. Alternative Medical Review; 180-197. Medline Plus. (n.d.). Clostridium Difficile Infections. Todar, K. (n.d.). The Normal Bacterial Flora of Humans. Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Maryland. (n.d.). Pathogen Descriptions: Enterococcus. By Julie Wilkinson, BSN, RN Julie Wilkinson is a registered nurse and book author who has worked in both palliative care and critical care. See Our Editorial Process Meet Our Medical Expert Board Share Feedback Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! What is your feedback? Other Helpful Report an Error Submit